I’ve made covers for the vast majority of our living room furniture. Each time I do it I get more skills and now the room is looking really good. Most of the time we don’t need to buy brand new furniture, a fabric change can make all the difference. It saves the environment too!I’ve used the same pin to pattern technique that I talked about in this post here (you should definitely go read it to get tips on the right cotton and needles to use as well as other upholstery essentials). I did this because I knew taking the chair cover apart would be extremely time consuming and I’ve now finished so many upholstery jobs like this I knew I could. I hope with this detailed step by step how to you’ll be able to too. There are lots of pictures so that it will be really clear. Let me know in the comments if it helps.
I should point out before I start that I’m self taught in all my upholstery techniques, but this work for me. I would advise you before you start to read the entire instructions through.
Prior to starting your project it’s a good idea to photograph all the details of the chair cover construction so you can refer back to it throughout even though you’re not taking it apart.
Step 1 – The Outside Side Arm
I actually kept the old cover on for this as I wanted a guideline for the seam that runs underneath the arm of the chair. I started by taking a piece of fabric (still on the whole expanse) and pinned it to the length of the existing seam. When you are satisfied with the position of the fabric pin all over the area that you want to use to fix it in place, then cut the fabric mirroring the shape of the piece you want. In the bottom image you can see the curve of the front of the exterior, side arm.
Leave a generous amount of fabric allowance cut the rear fabric too and then, taking the length all the way to the floor, cut along the length of the floor until you reach the other side. Congratulations; you’ve just completed your first no pattern upholstery piece.
Pin the fabric along the existing seam under neath the arm of the sofa. 
Once you are satisfied that the fabric is in the correct position start to cut it imitating the shape the furniture has. 
Leave a generous amount of fabric beyond the seam following as you can trim more later. Take the length to the floor. 
Cut along the bottom parallel with the floor to ensure there’s enough fabric to fix it underneath.
Step 2 – The Inside Side Arm
Next start on the inside of the arm.
It’s good to have some piping to give the chair more definition. I often use flanged piping as ii’s easier. Pin the piping to the existing line, just as you did before. Then lay a piece of material over the inside of the arm of the chair – again, keep all the length of material together at the moment. You need to make sure that it is positioned well in terms of the pattern and the structure. It is also good to think about how it is going to match to the existing piece of fabric below.
Make a note of the main pattern on the exterior of the arm, in this case a rose, and see where your fabric repeats that (see the images below). Reposition the fabric at this point to ensure it can be included well in the final design.
Roughly pin what will be the inside arm piece of fabric to the exterior arm piece and again pin all over the inner arm to fix the material before cutting. Then, allowing for a generous excess of fabric, cut the fabric so that it extends beyond the arm of the chair, covering about a quarter to a third of the seat as well as part of the lower back of the chair. Then cut the fabric.
When you fit your fabric you’re going to push some material down the side of the chair to make it snug, so you need sufficient material for this.
When you have your second piece of material undo all the fixing pins then remove your two pieces material to a comfortable area to work. Then re-pin the joined fabrics, so that the pattern is accommodated the best but ensuring that they stay in the same place in terms of the pattern.
Note where any piping is and attach an appropriate amount with pins whilst the fabric is still in place. 
Lay the fabric on the inside of the chair arm so there is sufficient on the seat and back and the pattern is positioned well. 
Mak a note of the significant pattern markings on the lower arm and reposition the material so that it can be matched. 
For example, you can see that this rose is the one on the lower arm. 
Cut a section of the material away that would roughly cover the inner arm, incorporating the pattern and allowing for generous allowances. 
Pin the fabrics together roughly, folding the edge under as with a seam and ensuring the pattern is accomodated.
Sew the pieces together using your zipper foot to accommodate the piping.
Step 3 – The Front Chair Arm
When I cut out the first chair panel for the exterior arm I was left with a square of fabric attached to the rest that I knew wouldn’t be useful for a main part of the structure so I cut it off like this…
I used this piece of fabric for the front of the arm as well as the upper, side of the seat.
Identify a part of the pattern you want to use, in this case I isolated out a smaller rose and positioned it centrally to the front arm. Fix in place with lots of pins again, paying particular attention to the sides of the structure so you have a clear view of what you need to be doing.
I noted before hand that this panel of the arm needed to extend all the way down the length of the chair, so you’ll see the material extends beyond the arm itself. Your photos of the chair before hand can help you when you make decisions like this.
Cut out the shape of the front of the arm, again allowing for a generous amount of fabric. Then pin the pipping around the shape of the front of the arm. I’d noted my piping stopped a few inches below where the seat started on the interior of the part, but it would need to have piping all the way down the exterior, so I cut and pinned the piping according to this.
Sew this onto the material.
Identify an area of the fabric that you want to have on your from arm in terms of pattern and pin this randomly to the chair to temporarily fix it. 
Cut around the arm shape leaving a generous allowance of fabric. 
You’ll be left with something like this. 
Pin some more piping around the outside of the front arm, staying close to the arm shape.
Section 4 – The Front and Back of the Chair
Position the fabric so that it best displays your fabric’s pattern. I try to get my material so that it is as close to the edge as possible whilst allowing for the pattern in order to save material. You can see below in the second and third pictures this in practise.
As this is a structured chair the top of the back has a roll type shape. I did this in two separate pieces as the original cover had that. It turns out that underneath in the middle there is a very slight increase which I’d never have known. So those photo notes where worth it.
I pinned all the way along and under this roll and then cut along and down the side of the fabric – again, leaving a generous amount of fabric.
Position the fabric so that it is centred with a piece of the pattern you like. Pin it to fix it. 
You can see that the side of the fabric width has been positioned towards the edge of the chair as much as centring the pattern allows… 
…but this side has the majority of the fabric in order not to waste too much. 
Because of the form of the chair the rear has a curved detailing along the top on the back. You need to use lots of pins and secure it to follow this as much as possible prior to the next step. 
But along the length of the chair back allowing for similar additional material as before….. 
….continue cutting along and end the cut with a similar amount of fabric allowance as elsewhere. You don’t want to take it to the edge. 
Cut the fabric in a straight line to section of this part.
Section 5 – The Back of the Chair
This piece adjacencent to the fabric I cut for the front was sufficient for the back of the chair (they were uneven in width to accommodate the pattern of the fabric. Folding the top of the material over and inwards and with the pattern facing the right way pin the fabric in place along and underneath the scroll by pushing the pins deep into the chair upholstery.
Placing pins down the sides enables you to fix the material to ensure that the pattern is straight.
Cut it off parallel to the floor, as with the others.
Replace the pins so that only the two pieces of fabric are connected and then sew along the line.
Folding the top of the material over, pin the additional material against the back of the chair ensuring the pattern is positioned correctly again. 
Pin down the sides as well to give you a really good idea of how the piece fits… 
This is necessary as you’ll begin to see some unexpected structure features. Here the centre rises slightly in comparison to the outside. 
Cut off the material parallel to the floor like before. 
Repin so that you are able to remove the fabric from the chair to sew.
Section 6 – Side, Top
Position the fabric so that it is displayed well then liberally pin to fix it whilst working. Cut around the shape allowing for a generous amount of material. Make sure to extend the material down to where the external, arm piping is as shown.
Attach the piping to sew, allowing enough to reach the external, side arm piping and a little more as well as enough to reach the floor at the back. Sew in place.
Position the fabric so the pattern is displayed well, then liberally pin the area to fix in place. 
Cut around the shape with a generous amount of fabric to spare. Extend the shape down as shown. 
Pin the piping around the shape, including enough so that it will be able to reach the existing piping with some overlap and so that the piping falls to the floor at the back.
Pin around the front and back of the side panel as shown below. Be sure to only pin and sew around the side arm – but;
* leave about an inch at the back spare (ie don’t go all the way down the side panel).
*Don’t go all the way down the front either, just go to about an inch below the piping of the external arm as shown.
Take the material from the chair, fold the material edges underneath and re-pin in the same position in order to create a smooth edge and hem. Sew together and then turn the fabric inside out and trim the excess material from the underneath section leaving about one inch of fabric spare.
Pin the material for the front and back of the chair where it connects with the side arm. 
Extend it round the back to just before the side panel ends.
Repeat section 1 – 6 for the other side of the chair up until the pinning of the fabric for the front and back of the chair onto the top, side. Take into account the next point though.
Step 7 – Space for a zip
We’re going to add a zip at the other side, so only pin and sew to about two inches below where the front and back pieces of fabric meet under the ‘scroll’.
Following all the steps for the other side of the chair on to it’s mirror side, but only take the pinning and sewing of the back of the chair to about one or two inches below the scroll type shape.
Step 8 – Sewing Down the Sides
It’s best to complete the next few steps a little bit at a time even though it’s frustrating having to take off the heavy material again and again.
Start by finishing off the part of the top, side of the back rest where it tailors down to meet the side piping. Fold the fabric under to reveal the piping and pin in position to the other piece. Prior to doing this it’s best to have pinned the fabric to the opposite side to the length of the chair edge to ensure the fabric remains in the right place. Just push the pins through the fabric into the upholstery of the chair itself. This way when you pull and pin on the arm you’re working on you won’t pull to much fabric and end up with a skewered result.
Tuck the piping under the fabric as you reach the horizontal piping and pin in position. Sew this part.
Fold the material and pin in place the remaining area of the top side. 
Whilst you do so tuck the additional piping under the fabric just above the piping under the arm. 
Pin in place the material over the tucked piping. Then sew in place.
Pin the horizontal piping to the fabric so that it curves slightly in order to taper it off as it meets the back fabric. Fold and fix the fabric and pin in position. Sew in place.
Pin in place the material over the tucked piping. Then sew in place. 
Pin the exterior arm’s fabric so that it covers this piping towards the end.
Then when this is finished pin the vertical length of piping along the edge of the back fabric of the chair. It’s helpful to re-pin the arm in position as you did the back fabric before to make sure it fits well.
Sew this in place.
Refix the back of the fabric in place as before with pins pushed into the chair itself prior to pinning the piping to the rear piece of fabric. Sew in place.
I made sure that these lengths were sewn as far as the top, rear leg as I knew I’d need to do work to fit the fabric to the underneath of the chair too.
Take the back piping and pin it along the length of the rear of the exterior arm panel. 
Having fixed the back panel it’s correct position by pinning again pin along the length of the back edge.
Step 9 – Sewing the Zip
Opening the zip pin it the front side then sew in place. Be sure to have the end of the zip length go up under the part that you’ve already sewn.
Then close the zip again prior to pinning the zip to the back fabric, folding the material over and under so it fits snugly. Open the zip to ensure there isn’t any blockage to its function and repin the zip when you’ve ensured it is allowed to work.
Again, only sew to the top of the chair leg.
Pin the zip along the length of the horizontal edge of the arm. Sew in place. Do this with the zip open. 
Close the zip and then pin the back fabric in place. 
Make sure you can still undo the zip prior to sewing.
Section 10 – Sewing the base front
I used an off cut of material this section, ensuring it could be placed with the fabric in the right direction as well as cover a quarter to a third of the flat, seat area. I gauged the width so it was the width of the chair, then I fold the ends under and pinned it in position so that they ran along the horizontal lines of the front, arm bases. I sewed like this so that there was an obvious seam as I thought it looked aesthetically better.
Notice how my seam starts at the same point where the seat of the chair stops folding inside the arm. Any excess piping was fitted behind this added section, so that it comes to a natural end where the seat starts.
Section 11 – Sewing the Seat
The excess fabric of the base front, interior arms and the seat back now need to be connected to each other as well as the seat.
Start by connecting the excess material of the interior arm to the front. Lay the interior arm material flat then connect it to the folded under front, base material with a pin. You need to sew here so that there is a seam between the two piece of fabric, not allowing any gaps. Do this on the other side as well.
Pushing the unsown edge into the chair side I pinned the two pieces of front and side fabric together prior to sewing.
Next get appropriate amount of material for the base – one that covers it as well as some of the sides as shown in the first image.
What you’re intending to do is attach the seat to the other fabric whilst maintaining a sufficient amount of excess fabric so that you can push this down the sides and back the chair to make it fit better when completed, whilst allowing some movement of fabric in every day use as well as being able to take the fabric off to clean.
It’s easier to work with the whole thing inside out. Start by pinning the seat fabric to the top of the front, base; sew this. Then do the same with the sides and back panels. Sewing in between each stage is a lot easier than trying to do it all at once as these areas are uneven.
Place an appropriate amount of fabric to cover the seat and some of the sides on the base. 
Pin along the top of the front, base material then sew. 
Then pin along both sides to the excess interior arm fabric and sew here too. 
Now do the back fabric.
Turn the material back the right way and zip up the side prior to ‘fitting’ the chair by pushing any excess material down the arm sides and back. It’s amazing how such a mess can be made to look neat huh?
Section 12 – The Velcro Fastenings
My structured chair already had one half of the velcro fastening glued and sewn into the chair as it originally has removable and washable covers. If yours doesn’t you made need to do this yourself.
First of you need to go around where the legs of the chair are and pin so it follows this line. On my chair the fabric sits above the the rear, square legs but tucks underneath the from, screw in legs. So I just did this to the back legs, but continued in the same vein as below around all of the front.
Go around the base of the chair pulling the fabric tight and pinning a hem about one inch in extension from the base. You’re going to sew your corresponding piece of velcro to this area and then bend and attach it to its mirror under the chair base. In this way it will give the chair that fitted look and keep it in place.
When you have removed the cover from the chair to sew it go around the pin hem and, as there should be sufficient excess material, fold the fabric back on itself to cover the edging within the hem. This way you won’t have any frayed area under your chair.
Sew the hem first, then attach the corresponding velcro strip to the hem and sew again.
Pull the fabric tight and then pin a hem about one inch below the base of the chair. 
As you go round make sure that any unseen sections of the horizontal areas are pinned so that you can ensure they’re all sewn.
For the velcro strip I suggest using a zig zag stitch so that the strip is secured over its width. You don’t need to worry about doing this as it won’t be seen – it will be folded underneath the chair after all. I said earlier that i use my zip foot throughout, nut if you’re going to use a zig zag stitch its necessary to change to an ordinary foot first. Sew, then fit your cover to the chair.
Turn your dial to the zig zag stitch 
Make sure you use your normal sewing foot for this. 
Once the cover is removed from the chair pin the corresponding velcro along the hem, then sew in place.
Section 13 – The Seat Pad
Lay the fabric onto the seat pad and ensure that you position the pattern well if there is one.
Pin the piping around the exterior of the seat pad staying as close as possible to the structure. Cut the fabric away from the whole allowing about an inch of excess material. Sew in place.
In order to take the cushion cover on and off to clean it you want a zip, so need to include an opening that covers about one third of the back. Pin the length of the zip to the piping flange attached to the seat material with the zip teeth in line with the piping itself. The zip should run in a U shape at the end. My seat pad has a slightly tapered design so I made sure that the zip was at the narrower end.
Cut a length of material that will fit the depth of the seat pad along with the length needed to surround it. I used an off cut for this as I’d bought a job lot of material (see my tips on bargain, upholstery material finds here) and I wanted to save as much material as possible for another job. As a result I didn’t want to cut into large, whole piece and used two slim, offcuts. I just sewed two lengths together, making sure the pattern side that I wanted faced each other so that the seam was the right way when opened.
This meant that I had to ensure that any seams would be on the sides of the cushion to disguise them and I considered this when positioning my fabric prior to pinning the next section. Even if you have one, long continue length you’ll need to consider having the seam connecting the two ends of fabric at the one side for the same reason.
With the zip closed and the edge of the depth fabric folded to give a hem, pin along the length of the zip. Make sure that there is enough of a hem to completely cover the zip and touch the upper piping when pinning (you can see this best in the fourth and fifth pictures below). Prior to sewing the zip to the depth fabric sew a horizontal line about an inch before both ends of the zip to hold them in place and stop your zipper head getting lost within the fabric. It’s best to sew the opposite end to the zip head with the zip closed (so that the zip head is away from it). Then open the zip fully, before re-zipping and opening it only slightly, ensuring the sides are still parallel before sewing the other end.
By doing this you should have also corrected any pins that block the zippers function prior to sewing the length.
Continue pinning the rest of the depth material in place around the seat fabric and then sew this in place too.
To join the two ends together I pin all the way around allowing one edge to overlap the other. I fold this top edge over at the end and pin it along the depth. when the entire length is sewn I just continue straight over this area as if its a continuous run, then I sew along the depth. You can see this in the seventh image below.
Lay the fabric on the seat pad so that the pattern is nicely positioned. 
Pin the piping around the rim of the seat pad, staying as close as possible to the seams of its structure. Cut away from the main fabric leaving a generous amount of excess material. 
With the zip open pin it along the back third of the seat pad to allow easy access. 
Cut a length of material that will fit the depth of the seat pad and fit its fully surround it whilst allowing for at least an inch of material either side. 
Sew a horizontal line an inch before the end of both sides of the zip, then sew the second half of the zip length. 
Make sure the zip can still open prior to sewing the zip length in case your pins obstruct its function. 
Pin all the way around the seat pad to attach the depth fabric. When the two ends meet pin one end as the rest, then continue overlapping the other, folding the end underneath and pinning this too. When sewing do the horizontal surrounding the seat, then sew sew this horizontal overlap.
Follow the same method to make a section for the other side of the seat cushion. In the final image above you can see that the sewn top and sides of the seat pad have been placed onto the seat pad itself. Do this then turn the seat over keeping the fabric in place. Then pin the depth to the other seat cushion piece as below. You should now be able to unzip your cushion and gently tease it out of the cover, ensuring the pins remain in place. Turn the whole cover inside out then sew in place. Trim off any excess on the interior so it doesn’t bunch, leaving about 1 inch of material.
One word of warning about doing your own upholstery; you become obsessed with keeping your furniture pristine and any spills from the kids become a red light situation! Nevertheless it is satisfying to see your home come together for minimal amount of money and you suddenly develop more of an appreciation for the skills artisans have!
I’m going to do an update soon on our living room and how it’s being gradually changed over the year.
That’s as detailed as I can make it. If you give it a go let me know – would love too see some pictures! Any questions just drop a comment in the box!
lacoeursacre.wordpress.com 